Animals Able To Live A life As Free As Human Beings - Free Essay Example

Animals dont have a voice and humans are their only chance at speaking up about the abuse and getting justice for what is right. But when it comes to cases of animal cruelty, the court does not protect and treat all animals the same as they do human beings. Animal cruelty, also known as animal abuse, is legally defined as any act of violence or neglect that inflicts suffering or death on animals. Animal cruelty laws typically extend only to tame or domestic animals, such as house pets, horses, and draught or other working animals. Lawful hunting or trapping of wild game, research†such as animal testing†and breeding or raising livestock can also be subjected to animal cruelty laws if unnecessary pain is being inflicted upon an animal (Gale 2017). Animal cruelty can fall under two types of categories: passive and active (intentional). Intentional abuse will be charged according to their staters criminal law that may result in either jail time or paying fines. Passive abuse is a gray area when it comes to every staters criminal law because it means the owner neglected their animal and didnt properly care for the animal in the way they shouldve. Neglection is a lesser included offense of cruelty involving the duties of caring fo r an animal (Welch 2009). There are several forms of active animal cruelty such as animal fighting and experimentation. Activists are attempting to raise awareness about animal abuse by creating interest groups such as PETA and SPCA. Those interest groups strive to get laws that can keep animals safe passed such as one of the first anti-cruelty law passed in New York. The Gale Student Resources in Context article titled Animal Cruelty quotes, Views and laws on animal cruelty or abuse vary greatly across different cultures. In many parts of the world, domestic animals are regarded primarily as property, and anti-cruelty laws may be nonexistent or limited to preventing only unnecessary acts of cruelty and abuse. At the opposite end, many people believe animals should be afforded the same moral rights and given the same legal protections as humans (Gale 2017). A form of animal cruelty that is legal with a license is experimentation. Scientists and corporations test on animals such as rats, mice, birds, and fish. People who support animal cruelty will go on to state that it is for the good of this world because they test this form of animal abuse for medical purposes. Before 1996, there was no regulation of animal experimentation, and they would go on to experiment on other animals, especially primates due to their similarities to humans. In response to companies using dogs as test subjects in labs, the public raised a fuss and got the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 passed by the US government. In the 1966 Animal Welfare Act, it is stated that animal testing companies must obtain a license and be registered to deal with animals. Any violation of the AWA leads to `suspension of their license, imprisonment up to a year, and a fine of $1,000. This passing of an act leads to scientists following the three Rrs: replacement, reduction, and refinement (Gale 2018). In an essay from Gale Student Resources in Context titled Animal Experimentation, As of 2018, no country in the world had completely banned all animal experimentation The US government reported 820,812 animals had been used in laboratory research in 2016, an increase of 6.9 percent from the previous year (767,622). Although there has been reports of amazing medical discoveries because of animal testing, how can scientists be certain that it will benefit humans? Animals bodies are not physically similar to humans and neither are their organs. One study found that fewer than 10 percent of highly promising basic science discoveries enter routine clinical use within 20 years. The National Institution of Health (NIH) has stated on their website, Therapeutic development is a costly, complex and time-consuming process. The average length of time from target discovery to approval of a new drug is about 14 years. The failure rate during this process exceeds 95 percent, and the cost per successful drug can be $1 billion or more (National Institution of Health). 95 percent of the drugs tested on animals dont work and 100 million animals are killed every year due to animal experimentation. There are other methods that can be used since technology has advanced so far in todayrs time. Why not spend time trying to find alternate routes that arent using animals as test subjects? Kretzer states in This Ad Spells It Out: Animal Tests are Going Nowhere, Reliable, economical non-animal methods are readily available for a wide variety of testing applications and many basic science and disease animal studies, which dont translate to humans, can be replaced with new organ-o n-chip technology, sophisticated computer simulations, 3-D cultures of human cells, epidemiological studies, and other more modern methods. Although animal testing is legal with a license, animal cruelty and neglect is not. There is an extreme gray area when it comes to cruelty cases. Some states may put a certain animal under the anti-cruelty statute, but in others, it could be considered to be under the wildlife statute. It may allow people to be exempt from those animal cruelty cases because an animal is not under the anti-cruelty statute. Incorporated into almost all anti-cruelty statutes are exemptions for certain types of animal use these vary from state to state but generally apply to endeavors such as veterinary medicine, agriculture, hunting, and medical research (Charging Considerations in Criminal Animal Abuse Cases). An example would be businesses such as zoos, circuses, or rodeos may be specifically exempted from prosecution under anti-cruelty statutes despite there being solid proof of animals being tortured and abused by the trainers. Stated in PETArs article about circuses, To force animals to perform, c ircus trainers abuse them with whips, tight collars, muzzles, electric prods, bullhooks (heavy batons with a sharp steel hook on one end), and other painful tools of the circus tradeCircuses easily get away with such routine cruelty because the government doesnt monitor training sessions and handlers are cautious when theyre in public. Sometimes animals arent treated in a healthy and safe way when in an entertainment business or in any private place. It continues to be a massive problem in todayrs society. On November 13, 2018, in Shamong Township, 44 dogs were found dead in plastic bags and freezers and 162 were living in inhumane conditions with 4 in critical condition. The dogs were found to be, both inside and outside, living in their own waste, said Det. Ian Fenkel. Donna Roberts got charged with animal cruelty and released with a pending court date. Previously in 2015, she had been fined $500 by the American Kennel Club and had her privileges suspended for six months after refusing to make her dogs and their records available for inspection. It is unknown what Roberts prosecution will be, but in most jurisdictions, animal cruelty is commonly charged with a misdemeanor offense. Before the adoption of an ordinance, Shamong † a community of only 6,500 where many people live on an acre or more of land † had no restrictions on the number of dogs a person could keep at their property. Now, anyone with 15 or more dogs must pay license, registration, and inspection fees. Publ ic complaints also can now prompt inspections of a dog owners property † like the check on Roberts home that led to Tuesdays arrest (Berkery 2018). It is said to be extremely difficult to prosecute a case depending on the evidence surrounding it. Animal cruelty and neglect cases can be some of the most complex cases that investigators and prosecutors handle. Some of the reasons include: (1) there is no victim to give a statement or testify; (2) proving intent requires the gathering and arguing of circumstantial evidence; (3) scientific and forensic evidence is often required to prove the manner and cause of injuries and/or death; (4) large-scale seizure of animals (from an animal fighting enterprise, puppy mill, or hoarding situation) results in financial burdens on communities that may be required to house the animals as evidence; (5) opinions regarding animals and the laws that protect them can be difficult to address in jury trials; and (6) community response to animal abuse cases is often strong resulting in an outpouring of support (or criticism) to investigators and prosecutors who are confined by the laws protecting anima ls (National District Attorneys Association). Why allow this to continue? Why not give animals the right to be treated just as fairly as citizens? Although there are many anti-cruelty laws and animal welfare programs, animals still continue to be tortured and animal cruelty prosecution cases are rarely brought up in court. They legalized experimentation on animals and exempted zoos and circuses from the animal cruelty statutes. When will animals be able to live a life just as free as human beings? When can they begin to not live in fear of hunters, corporations, and humankind? Give animals the equality they deserve and take animal cruelty cases more seriously. Works Cited Animal Cruelty and Neglect. National District Attorneys Association, ndaa.org/programs/animal-abuse/animal-cruelty-and-neglect/. Animal Cruelty. Gale Student Resources in Context, Gale, 2017. Student Resources In Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2181500076/SUIC?u=j227910001sid=SUICxid=bd5ee4b2. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018. ANIMAL CRUELTY CASES. Welch, K. Michelle. GPSolo, vol. 26, no. 5, 2009, pp. 64â€Å"67. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23673618. Animal Experimentation. Gale Student Resources in Context, Gale, 2018. Student Resources In Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/LPQUWH681386081/SUIC?u=j227910001sid=SUICxid=5b5d4497. Accessed 26 Oct. 2018. Human Rights Are Animal Rights! Tatchell, Peter. Www.counterpunch.org, 29 Mar. 2017, www.counterpunch.org/2017/03/29/human-rights-are-animal-rights/. Charging Considerations in Criminal Animal Abuse Cases. Animal Legal Defense Fund, aldf.org/article/charging-considerations-in-criminal-animal-abuse-cases/. Circuses. PETA, www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/circuses/. Six Animal Shelters across NJ Will Take in Rescued Shamong Dogs. Berkery, Sheri. Courier-Post, CherryHill, 14 Nov. 2018, www.courierpostonline.com/story/news/crime/2018/11/14/animal-cruelty-found-dead-dogs-donna-roberts-shamong-nj/2000772002/. This Ad Spells It Out: Animal Tests Are Going Nowhere. Kretzer, Michelle. PETA, 17 July 2018, www.peta.org/blog/experiments-on-animals-fail-90-of-the-time-why-are-they-still-done/.

Ethical Banking an oxymoron or a change in banking...

Ethical Banking: an oxymoron or a change in banking practices required in the twenty first century? In the modern world, financial institutions are being held to strict regulation in a post Global Financial Crisis era yet financial institutions are still outlining their message of strong social responsibility. Is this all a faà §ade or are financial institutions truly holding themselves to the strong message their claim? The pursuit of becoming a good corporate citizen and maintaining an ethical stance is becoming increasingly expensive for businesses worldwide, through issues such as sweatshops, child labour and environmental destruction. As one of Australia’s largest and most powerful financial institutions, the Australian New Zealand†¦show more content†¦Organisation must accept responsibility for their actions to stakeholders for its actions and decisions, as stakeholders can be large groups of the community outside the firm. They must consider the range of deci sions from social issue to environmental both internally and externally to the organization (Barrile, 2009). Businesses spend large quantities of shareholders’ profits to ensure that companies are seen in good light throughs acts of philanthropy, such as ANZ with their charity partnerships with a range of charities including National Breast Cancer Foundation, National Heart Foundation, Red Cross, and RSPCA (ANZ.com, 2014) While businesses use CSR externally to represent the company, a business aims to hold them to strict ethical internal practices relating to gender and race equality within the organisation. Businesses must contemplate before investing large sums of money away from the business as CSR can only be beneficial to the firm if the community recognises it as. 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Arc of Justice free essay sample

The book Arc of Justice by Kevin Boyle is about race and discrimination in the early and mid 1900s, it is very depressing. The story begins in 1925 Detroit, an ever growing city so tight with racial tension. Dr. Ossian Sweet and his wife Gladys and fourteen month old girl Iva have moved to a bungalow on Garland Avenue (a mostly white neighborhood) in Detroit. The Sweets left the baby at her grandparents at first, until they were sure they would be safe. He brought along with him nine friends to help protect if needed, and a bagful of guns in a gunnysack. He brought a shotgun, two rifles, and six pistols, and a bulging brown satchel filled with four hundred rounds of ammunition. The first night they stayed in their house they were terrified, They stayed up all night with their rifles at their sides. Their new neighbors rioted, throwing rocks at the Sweets house, breaking glass and scaring everybody in the house. We will write a custom essay sample on Arc of Justice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The hired police officers meant to guard the Sweets against danger made no effort to stop the mob. Suddenly, someone inside the house shot out into the street, wounding one white man named Eric Houghberg and killing a man named Leon Breiner, and the 11 black adults, including Sweets wife were taken to Jail immediatley and charged with first-degree murder. Under the racial rules of engagement for 1925 America, what should have happened to the group of black defenders is that they all would be dragged from the house into the streets and immediatley lynched. However, the NAACP hired the iconic lawyer, Clarence Darrow to defend them. Kevin Boyle, Arc of Justice. A Saga of race, Civil Rights,a nd murder in the Jazz Age, pg 27 The author then goes into farther detail telling us about Ossians past life. Ossian was inspired by the black leader W. E. B. DuBois, in particular by his notion of the Talented Tenth, the well-educated, professional black class W. E. B DuBois claimed would lead the way to racial equality. For Sweet, who had escaped the South to earn a medical degree when he was Just thirteen years old, and take his place among the Talented Tenth, the pressure to fght against the institutionalized racism of Detroit was immense. He was accepted to Howard University Medical School, one of the two only African American medical schools in the Spring of 1917. He worked hard and graduated ffrom the school in 1921. From there he moved to a little town called Black Bottom in Detroit and opened up a small practice in what was once a pharmacy. 3 One evening in 1922 Ossian meets Gladys Mitchell and he starts courting her and quickly marries her. Gladys becomes pregnant in 1922 but has a premature newborn that doesnt survive. They travel to Europe after this and in 1923 she becomes pregnant again. Shortly bedfore Gladys delivery date, Ossian makes an appointment at an American Hospital in a nearby suburb where they were at. However they wouldnt admit Gladys because the other patients at the hospital wouldnt feel comfortable with a Negroe around. Luckily Gladys had a successful easy birth and on March 29th 1924 their daughter Iva was born. a 87 3Kevin Boyle, Arc of Justice. A Saga of race, Civil Rights,a nd murder in the Jazz Age, pg 113 aKevin Boyle, Arc of Justice. A Saga of race, Civil Rights,a nd murder in the Jazz Age, pg 128- 132 Shortly after coming back form Europe Ossian rents the bungalow on Garland Avenue and thats where all the trouble began. Ossian, however was prepared for the orse. Prosecuter Attorney Red Kennedy interrogated the 10 black men and Gladys and all of them had similar stories. They all claimed that they werent huddled around, armed and waiting for there to be an attack. Ossian had invited them all over for dinner, Mrs. Sweet was cooking dinner, one man was in the bathroom, some were playing cards , one was in the basement getting the boiler heated up, two men were doing their Jobs that Ossian hired them to do, and two men were there looking for rooms to rent. Ossians father Henry Sweet almost gave the cover up away when he aid he went upstairs to get his rifle because there were stones being thrown that were coming towards him. But he claimed it as self defense and the attorney couldnt take it as a confession. s Clarence Darrows defense of the Sweets rested on the argument that they shot to save their own lives and after eight months and two trials they claimed legal victory. Their case became a courtroom drama of national importance. Detroits mayor, Johnny Smith, was running a tense race for re-election against a Klansman.